Outsourced accounting
One outsourced accounting firm covering bookkeeping, tax, payroll, AR and AP, R&D credits and CFO-level reporting, run by one team against one calendar. Built for US companies growing faster than they can hire finance people.
Most providers marketed as outsourced accounting are doing bookkeeping: categorising transactions and reconciling accounts. That is the recording layer, and it is necessary, but a set of reconciled accounts with no accruals posted still produces a profit and loss statement nobody should act on.
The difference is the judgement layer on top — revenue recognition, accruals and prepaids, the close itself, statements prepared to GAAP, and a tax position somebody is willing to sign. The practical test when you are comparing providers is to ask two questions: who signs off on the monthly statements, and is tax filing included or referred out to a partner firm.
Each of these is a service you can buy on its own. They are worth more together because the outputs chain: the close feeds the reporting, the reporting feeds the forecast, and the R&D claim depends on payroll data that had to be coded correctly nine months earlier.
It stops when the work needs someone in the room. Below roughly $10 million in revenue, an outsourced function is usually both cheaper and better staffed than what you could hire, because a full-time controller at that size spends a good part of the month without enough to do. Past that, and earlier if your business carries unusual complexity, the balance tips toward an in-house controller with an outsourced team underneath them.
That sequencing question — controller or CFO, in-house or fractional — is its own decision, and controller vs CFO works through it with the close-speed tests that settle most cases in a week.
Two to six weeks for most companies. The variable is almost never the incoming provider — it is how far behind the books are on arrival. A company that is current switches in a fortnight. One with nine months of unreconciled cash needs a cleanup first, and that is its own project.
Two things are worth confirming before you sign anywhere. Whether you keep your own accounting file, because leaving a provider who runs your books in proprietary software means rebuilding your history rather than changing a login. And what the month-end calendar actually is — a month-end close checklist with named owners is a fair thing to ask to see.